PDL has been used to treat PWS for many years by eradicating capillary abnormality using selective photo-thermolysis, remaining the “gold standard” therapy to date. This type of lesion affects 0.3–0.5% of the population, manifests as pinkish spots that expand and darken to varied degrees of hypertrophy or nodule development proportionally to time, and can cause profound cosmetic effects and psychological distress ( 3– 5).Ĭurrently, pulsed dye lasers (PDL) and vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) are the most prevalent used therapies. Port wine stains (PWS) are a kind of congenital capillary malformation caused by differentiation-impaired endothelial cells with progressive dilation of venule-like capillaries ( 1, 2). Photosensitive dermatitis, hypopigmentation, blister, and scar were infrequently reported, with 0–5.8% incidences. Hyperpigmentation was present in 7.9–34.1% of the patients in 17 studies. Pain and edema occurred in most patients. The collected findings indicated that the impact of PDT on enhancing the medical effectiveness of PWS was significant in different treatment sessions, different types of ages, different locations of PWS, and different types of PWS. Due to the statistical diversity of the meta-analysis, a subgroup assessment was performed to determine the sources of diversity. Based on a gathered assessment, the percentage of individuals achieving a 60% improvement was estimated to be 51.5% and a ≥75% improvement was 20.5% (95% CI: 14.5–26.5 I 2 = 78.2%) after 1–8.2 treatment sessions (GRADE score: very low). Among the 26 studies included, 3 were randomized clinical trials, and 23 were prospective or retrospective cohort investigations. Our search retrieved 740 hits and only 26 studies were finally included.
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